WF油田强底水断块油藏开发规律研究及认识

为改善底水油藏开发效果,结合WF油田强底水断块油藏历年开发实践的基础上,分别对不同开发阶段的影响因素进行了详细分析,总结了强底水断块油藏的开发规律。通过计算临界产量和统计生产初期打开程度与含水的关系,早期应充分利用天然隔板,合理打开程度在30%左右;中期含水20%~80%时,合理控制生产压差;后期提掖稳产,晚期上返挖潜,确保了底水油藏的有效开发。该方法从不同生产阶段来分别制定对策,能充分挖掘油藏的生产潜力,来提高开发效果,其做法及经验可供同类型油藏开发参考借鉴。     

南堡35-2CEP平台净化水缓冲罐存在问题及改造措施

南堡35-2油田属于高粘重质油油田,油田CEP平台处理B平台热采井采出液的难度大。含油污水进入净化水缓冲罐后,造成顶部浮油聚集、底部沉积污泥。目前净化水缓冲罐内没有底部排污管线,只有固定式单管收油装置,且操作复杂,排油效率低。由于收油及排污不彻底,净化水缓冲罐净化水含油基本上比核桃壳滤器出口含油高4~7ppm。因此,需要对净化水缓冲罐内增加浮动式收油装置和底部排污管线,来达到提高注水水质的目的。     

白豹油田B166井区北部超前温和注水开发效果分析

B166井区为白豹油田主力开发区块之一,早期井区南部开展强注强采开发试验,导致油井含水上升速度快、采油速度低、递减快。笔者总结南部开发试验经验,参阅大量注水开发技术文献,并借鉴国内外油田注水开发实例,在超低渗油藏已成熟的超前注水技术基础之上,创新性的提出了温和注水技术。北部试验井组采用超前温和注水开发技术,取得良好的开发效果,平均单井日产油为强注强采井2倍左右,表明了超前温和注水技术适用于B166井区注水开发,该技术在国内外同类型油藏注水开发实践中具有较大的应用价值。     

高压灰水泵变频改造节能效果分析

针对气化工序灰水系统高压灰水泵设计裕量偏大、运行效率低、电耗高、回流管线振动大的问题,将高压灰水泵改为变频调节。改造后,在2台气化炉运行的工况下,回流减压阀全关,电机电流由改造前的140 m A左右降至95 m A左右,节能效果非常明显,回流管线振动大的问题也随之解决。     

煤化工用水及废水处理分析

概述了煤化工高能耗、高污染、高耗水的产业特点,从工艺、意识、来源分析了造成产业特点的原因。为了减少煤化工废水中有毒害物质的含量,介绍了常用的废水处理方法,展望了煤化工用水及废水处理发展趋势。     

SHELL气化洗涤塔出口合成气带水原因分析及对策

通过对洗涤塔内部结构的分析,阐述了洗涤塔出口合成气带水的现象及危害,找出引起洗涤塔工艺气带水的原因、带液后的处理措施,以及对洗涤塔减少带水的改造方向。     

Mixing potential: A new concept for optimal design of hydrogen and water networks with higher disturbance resistance

During the last decade, the design methods of hydrogen and water networks have been improved greatly. Since the resulting network structure featuring minimum utility consumption is not unique, other properties such as disturbance resistance have drawn more and more attention. In this article, a novel concept, Mixing Potential, is proposed to improve the disturbance resistance ability of the networks in the design stage. This concept originates from measuring the concentration fluctuation of a single sink, and could be calculated by its graphical and algorithmic definition, respectively. In addition, a sufficient condition for minimizing the Mixing Potential of a single sink has been proved. Based on this sufficient condition, a graphical and its corresponding algorithmic method are proposed to design the hydrogen and water networks with minimum utility consumption. Literature examples illustrate that the disturbance resistance ability of the network can be improved by adjusting the satisfying order of sinks. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3762–3772, 2014     

Optimization models for shale gas water management

There are four key aspects for water use in hydraulic fracturing, including source water acquisition, wastewater production, reuse and recycle, and subsequent transportation, storage, and disposal. Water use life cycle is optimized for wellpads through a discrete‐time two‐stage stochastic mixed‐integer linear programming model under uncertain availability of water. The objective is to minimize expected transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal cost while accounting for the revenue from gas production. Assuming freshwater sources, river withdrawal data, location of wellpads, and treatment facilities are given, the goal is to determine an optimal fracturing schedule in coordination with water transportation, and its treatment and reuse. The proposed models consider a long‐time horizon and multiple scenarios from historical data. Two examples representative of the Marcellus Shale play are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the formulation, and to identify optimization opportunities that can improve both the environmental impact and economical use of water. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3490–3501, 2014     

Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology in water‐based bitumen extraction from weathered oil sands

When using the water‐based extraction processes (WBEPs) to recover bitumen from the weathered oil sands, very low bitumen recovery arisen from the poor liberation of bitumen from sand grains is always obtained. Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology in WBEPs to solve the poor processability of the weathered ore was proposed. It was found that processability of the microbial‐treated weathered ore was greatly improved. The improved processability was attributed to the biosurfactants production in the culture solution, alteration of the solids wettability, degradation of the asphaltene component, and the decrease of the bitumen viscosity, which collectively contributed to the bitumen liberation from the surface of sand grains. Although it still has many issues to be solved for an industrial application of the MEOR technology in oil sands separation, it is believed that the findings in this work promote the solution to the poor processability of the weathered ore. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2985–2993, 2014     

Refinery scheduling with varying crude: A deep belief network classification and multimodel approach

In model‐based refinery scheduling, the varying composition of the crude being refined is a major challenge, especially for those reaction processes. A classification based, multimodel approach is proposed to handle the frequently varying crude. The idea is to build a scheduling model for each type of feed crude, and the type can be determined using an online classifier. The recently emerged deep belief network is introduced to develop the classifier, which provides more accurate classification than the traditional neural network. The proposed method is demonstrated through modeling a fluidized catalytic cracking unit (the mostly affected by varying crude), and then the scheduling of a refinery that was carefully simulated to mimic the actual operation of a refinery in northern China. The results reveal that the multimodel approach is effective in handling varying crude. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2525–2532, 2014